Name: Urban Challenges
Uploaded: 2019-04-18T23:00:00.000Z
Description: Urbanization brings challenges in sustainability and equity.

AP Human Geography

Unit 1 – Thinking Geographically

Unit 2 – Population and Migration

Unit 3 – Cultural Geography

Unit 4 – Political Geography

Unit 5 – Agriculture and Rural Land–Use

Unit 6 – Cities and Urban Land–Use

Unit 7 – Industrial and Economic Development

Frequently Asked Questions

Exam Skills

Previous Exam Prep

Study Tools

AP Cram Sessions 2021

AP Cram Sessions 2020

Introduction: The "Why of Where"

Spatial Analysis


Maps

Regions

Unit 1 Overview: Thinking Geographically

Early Maps vs Contemporary Maps

Map Scale and Projection

Geographic Grid

Introduction to Maps and Types of Maps

Geographic Data

Maps

Spatial Information

Spatial Data

The Power and Uses of Geographic Data

Absolute vs. Relative Location

Place

Spatial Interactions

Diffusion

Spatial Concepts

Types of Resources on Earth

Sustainability

Humans and the Environment

Humans and Environmental Interaction

Scales of Analysis in Human Geography

Four Types of Scales of Analysis

What Do Scales of Analysis Reveal?

What are Scales of Analysis?

Region Types

Review

Regional Analysis

Important Topics

Contextualizing the Unit

Main Events

Important Definitions/People

Unit 2 Overview: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

Population & Migration 👪

Population & Migration

Push Factors

Pull Factors

Intervening Obstacles

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

Push and Pull Factors in Migration

Forced Migration

Voluntary Migrations

Forced vs. Voluntary Migration

What is migration?

Effects on the country people are immigrating to:

Effects on the country people are emigrating from:

Effects of Migration

🏛 Political

💰 Economic

👨‍👩‍👧‍👧 Social

🌳 Environment

Consequences of Population Distribution

What is a Population Composition?

Sex Ratio

Age Structure

Population Pyramids

Population Composition

Fertility Rates

Mortality

Migration

Causes of Migration

Population Dynamics

Demographic Transition Model

Epidemiological Transition Model

The Demographic Transition Model

Malthusian Theory and Its Impact

Opposition Theories

Malthusian Theory and Geography

Pro-Natalist Policies

Anti-Natalist Policies

Population Policies

Role of Women

Women and Demographic Change

Political Consequences

Social Consequences

Economic Consequences

Aging Populations

Unit 2 – Population & Migration

Unit 3 Overview: Cultural Patterns & Processes 👨👩👲👳💂

Unit 3 Overview: Cultural Patterns & Processes

Habits and Customs, Defined

Material vs. Non-Material Culture

Folk Customs

Social Customs

Introduction to Culture

Key Concepts

Land Survey Systems List

Cultural Landscapes

Sense of Place

Environmental Determinism

Cultural Determinism

 Cultural Patterns

Cultural Diffusion

Relocation Diffusion

Expansion Diffusion

Maladaptive Diffusion

Types of Cultural Diffusion

Colonialism

Trade

War and Conquest

Technology and Communication Advancements

Environmental and Ecological Factors

Historical Causes of Cultural Diffusion

Globalization

Urbanization

Technology 

Travel and Migration

Contemporary Causes of Cultural Diffusion

Language

Religions

Ethnicity

Gender Roles

Diffusion of Religion and Language

Acculturation

Transculturation

Assimilation and Cultural Diffusion

Appropriation and Cultural Diffusion

Effects of Cultural Diffusion

Unit 4 Essential Questions

Models to Know from Unit 4

Past FRQs from Unit 4

Unit 4 Overview: Political Patterns and Processes

Introduction

What's a State?

Other Political Entities

Introduction to Political Geography

Consequences of Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces

Political Processes

World Wars

The Cold War 

Post-Cold War

Heartland Theory

Rimland Theory

Political Power and Territoriality

Defining Political Boundaries

Types of Boundary Disputes

The Function of Political Boundaries

What is an Internal Boundary?

Internal Boundaries

Forms of Governance

What is Devolution?

Defining Devolutionary Factors

Time-Space Compression

Important Vocabulary

Challenges to Sovereignty

Key Questions

Evolution of Agriculture 

Unit 5 Overview: Agriculture and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes

Physical Geography and Agricultural Practices 

Intensive Farming Practices 

Introduction to Agriculture

Environmental Effects of Agriculture 

Consequences of Agricultural Practices

Debates Surrounding Agricultural Innovations

Challenges of Contemporary Agriculture

Women's Role in Agriculture

Women in Agriculture

What is a Land-Use Pattern?

Settlement Patterns and Survey Methods

How has agriculture changed over time? 

Agricultural Origins and Diffusions

What Was the Second Agricultural Revolution?

The Second Agricultural Revolution

What is the Green Revolution?

The Green Revolution

Regions of Agricultural Production

Types of Farming

Agricultural Production Regions

Spatial Organization of Agriculture

Von Thunen Model

The Von Thunen Model

Vocabulary

Global Supply Chains 

Patterns of Global Food Distribution

The Global System of Agriculture

Unit 5 – Agriculture & Rural Land-Use

The “Why of Where” for Cities

Unit Preview (Try to answer these questions!)

Urbanization & Suburbanization

Distribution of Cities 

Growth of Cities

City Models 

Urban Problems 

Unit 6 Overview: Cities & Urban Land-Use

Development of Cities

The Origin and Influences of Urbanization

Unit 6 – Cities & Urban Land-Use

Urban Challenges

Urban Challenges

AP Human Geography 🚜

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